发布时间:2020-04-12编辑:佚名阅读(1404)
一、认识INI文件结构
INI文件格式由节、键、值组成。
节
[section]
参数
(键=值)
name=value
二、实操
在开发中,有时会遇到对INI文件的读写操作。
针对ini文件写了一个工具类。供大家参考。
引用库函数:
/// <summary> /// 为INI文件中指定的节点取得字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="lpAppName">欲在其中查找关键字的节点名称</param> /// <param name="lpKeyName">欲获取的项名</param> /// <param name="lpDefault">指定的项没有找到时返回的默认值</param> /// <param name="lpReturnedString">指定一个字串缓冲区,长度至少为nSize</param> /// <param name="nSize">指定装载到lpReturnedString缓冲区的最大字符数量</param> /// <param name="lpFileName">INI文件完整路径</param> /// <returns>复制到lpReturnedString缓冲区的字节数量,其中不包括那些NULL中止字符</returns> [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern int GetPrivateProfileString(string lpAppName, string lpKeyName, string lpDefault, StringBuilder lpReturnedString, int nSize, string lpFileName); /// <summary> /// 修改INI文件中内容 /// </summary> /// <param name="lpApplicationName">欲在其中写入的节点名称</param> /// <param name="lpKeyName">欲设置的项名</param> /// <param name="lpString">要写入的新字符串</param> /// <param name="lpFileName">INI文件完整路径</param> /// <returns>非零表示成功,零表示失败</returns> [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern int WritePrivateProfileString(string lpApplicationName, string lpKeyName, string lpString, string lpFileName);
读写方法:
/// <summary> /// 读取INI文件值 /// </summary> /// <param name="section">节点名</param> /// <param name="key">键</param> /// <param name="def">未取到值时返回的默认值</param> /// <param name="filePath">INI文件完整路径</param> /// <returns>读取的值</returns> public static string Read(string section, string key, string def, string filePath) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(1024); GetPrivateProfileString(section, key, def, sb, 1024, filePath); return sb.ToString(); } /// <summary> /// 写INI文件值 /// </summary> /// <param name="section">欲在其中写入的节点名称</param> /// <param name="key">欲设置的项名</param> /// <param name="value">要写入的新字符串</param> /// <param name="filePath">INI文件完整路径</param> /// <returns>非零表示成功,零表示失败</returns> public static int Write(string section, string key, string value, string filePath) { CheckPath(filePath); return WritePrivateProfileString(section, key, value, filePath); } /// <summary> /// 删除节 /// </summary> /// <param name="section">节点名</param> /// <param name="filePath">INI文件完整路径</param> /// <returns>非零表示成功,零表示失败</returns> public static int DeleteSection(string section, string filePath) { return Write(section, null, null, filePath); } /// <summary> /// 删除键的值 /// </summary> /// <param name="section">节点名</param> /// <param name="key">键名</param> /// <param name="filePath">INI文件完整路径</param> /// <returns>非零表示成功,零表示失败</returns> public static int DeleteKey(string section, string key, string filePath) { return Write(section, key, null, filePath); }
在程序根目录创建一个INI文件:
string filePath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "sys.ini");//在当前程序路径创建 File.Create(filePath);//创建INI文件
写入内容:
//写入节点1 INIHelper.Write("s1", "1", "a", filePath); INIHelper.Write("s1", "2", "b", filePath); INIHelper.Write("s1", "3", "c", filePath); //写入节点2 INIHelper.Write("s2", "4", "d", filePath); INIHelper.Write("s2", "5", "e", filePath); //改节点值(就是重写一遍) INIHelper.Write("s1", "3", "c3", filePath);
读取
//读取节点1中的key为1的值 string value = INIHelper.Read("s1", "1", "789", filePath);
删除节点/键
INIHelper.DeleteKey("s1", "2", filePath);//删除节点s1中key为2的值 INIHelper.DeleteSection("s1", filePath);//删除节点s2
另一个INI文件读写类
using System; using System.IO; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Text; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Specialized; namespace wuyisky { /// <summary> /// IniFiles的类 /// </summary> public class IniFiles { public string FileName; //INI文件名 //声明读写INI文件的API函数 [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern bool WritePrivateProfileString(string section, string key, string val, string filePath); [DllImport("kernel32")] private static extern int GetPrivateProfileString(string section, string key, string def, byte[] retVal, int size, string filePath); //类的构造函数,传递INI文件名 public IniFiles(string AFileName) { // 判断文件是否存在 FileInfo fileInfo = new FileInfo(AFileName); //Todo:搞清枚举的用法 if ((!fileInfo.Exists)) { //|| (FileAttributes.Directory in fileInfo.Attributes)) //文件不存在,建立文件 System.IO.StreamWriter sw = new System.IO.StreamWriter(AFileName, false, System.Text.Encoding.Default); try { sw.Write("#表格配置档案"); sw.Close(); } catch { throw (new ApplicationException("Ini文件不存在")); } } //必须是完全路径,不能是相对路径 FileName = fileInfo.FullName; } //写INI文件 public void WriteString(string Section, string Ident, string Value) { if (!WritePrivateProfileString(Section, Ident, Value, FileName)) { throw (new ApplicationException("写Ini文件出错")); } } //读取INI文件指定 public string ReadString(string Section, string Ident, string Default) { Byte[] Buffer = new Byte[65535]; int bufLen = GetPrivateProfileString(Section, Ident, Default, Buffer, Buffer.GetUpperBound(0), FileName); //必须设定0(系统默认的代码页)的编码方式,否则无法支持中文 string s = Encoding.GetEncoding(0).GetString(Buffer); s = s.Substring(0, bufLen); return s.Trim(); } //读整数 public int ReadInteger(string Section, string Ident, int Default) { string intStr = ReadString(Section, Ident, Convert.ToString(Default)); try { return Convert.ToInt32(intStr); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); return Default; } } //写整数 public void WriteInteger(string Section, string Ident, int Value) { WriteString(Section, Ident, Value.ToString()); } //读布尔 public bool ReadBool(string Section, string Ident, bool Default) { try { return Convert.ToBoolean(ReadString(Section, Ident, Convert.ToString(Default))); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); return Default; } } //写Bool public void WriteBool(string Section, string Ident, bool Value) { WriteString(Section, Ident, Convert.ToString(Value)); } //从Ini文件中,将指定的Section名称中的所有Ident添加到列表中 public void ReadSection(string Section, StringCollection Idents) { Byte[] Buffer = new Byte[16384]; //Idents.Clear(); int bufLen = GetPrivateProfileString(Section, null, null, Buffer, Buffer.GetUpperBound(0), FileName); //对Section进行解析 GetStringsFromBuffer(Buffer, bufLen, Idents); } private void GetStringsFromBuffer(Byte[] Buffer, int bufLen, StringCollection Strings) { Strings.Clear(); if (bufLen != 0) { int start = 0; for (int i = 0; i < bufLen; i++) { if ((Buffer[i] == 0) && ((i - start) > 0)) { String s = Encoding.GetEncoding(0).GetString(Buffer, start, i - start); Strings.Add(s); start = i + 1; } } } } //从Ini文件中,读取所有的Sections的名称 public void ReadSections(StringCollection SectionList) { //Note:必须得用Bytes来实现,StringBuilder只能取到第一个Section byte[] Buffer = new byte[65535]; int bufLen = 0; bufLen = GetPrivateProfileString(null, null, null, Buffer, Buffer.GetUpperBound(0), FileName); GetStringsFromBuffer(Buffer, bufLen, SectionList); } //读取指定的Section的所有Value到列表中 public void ReadSectionValues(string Section, NameValueCollection Values) { StringCollection KeyList = new StringCollection(); ReadSection(Section, KeyList); Values.Clear(); foreach (string key in KeyList) { Values.Add(key, ReadString(Section, key, "")); } } ////读取指定的Section的所有Value到列表中, //public void ReadSectionValues(string Section, NameValueCollection Values,char splitString) //{ string sectionValue; // string[] sectionValueSplit; // StringCollection KeyList = new StringCollection(); // ReadSection(Section, KeyList); // Values.Clear(); // foreach (string key in KeyList) // { // sectionValue=ReadString(Section, key, ""); // sectionValueSplit=sectionValue.Split(splitString); // Values.Add(key, sectionValueSplit[0].ToString(),sectionValueSplit[1].ToString()); // } //} //清除某个Section public void EraseSection(string Section) { if (!WritePrivateProfileString(Section, null, null, FileName)) { throw (new ApplicationException("无法清除Ini文件中的Section")); } } //删除某个Section下的键 public void DeleteKey(string Section, string Ident) { WritePrivateProfileString(Section, Ident, null, FileName); } //Note:对于Win9X,来说需要实现UpdateFile方法将缓冲中的数据写入文件 //在Win NT, 2000和XP上,都是直接写文件,没有缓冲,所以,无须实现UpdateFile //执行完对Ini文件的修改之后,应该调用本方法更新缓冲区。 public void UpdateFile() { WritePrivateProfileString(null, null, null, FileName); } //检查某个Section下的某个键值是否存在 public bool ValueExists(string Section, string Ident) { StringCollection Idents = new StringCollection(); ReadSection(Section, Idents); return Idents.IndexOf(Ident) > -1; } //确保资源的释放 ~IniFiles() { UpdateFile(); } } }
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